• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the transmission of flight instructions from a ground unit (10) to an aircraft (A) comprising an onboard system (20), the ground unit (10) being configured to generate, from flight data (D) to said aircraft (A), at least one optical symbol (30) containing a flight instruction, the onboard system (20) comprising an optical reader and a flight management system, said optical reader being configured to read the optical symbol (30) and transfer the flight instruction contained in said symbol to the flight management system to prepare for the flight of the aircraft (A).
    公开号:FR3050049A1
    申请号:FR1653129
    申请日:2016-04-08
    公开日:2017-10-13
    发明作者:Pau Latorre-Costa
    申请人:Airbus Operations SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FLOATING UNIT, AIRCRAFT, AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING FLIGHT INSTRUCTIONS FROM A GROUND UNIT TO AN AIRCRAFT
    The present invention relates to a ground unit, an aircraft, and a method of transmitting flight instructions from a ground unit to an aircraft.
    More specifically, the invention is intended for transmission of flight instructions to an FMS (for Flight Management System), an avionics-type (that is to say, secure) flight management system. in order to obey particular constraints of integrity and availability).
    It is known that to prepare a flight, an airline records flight instructions on an electronic flight bag type EFB ("Electronic Flight Bag" in English), or any other laptop or tablet computer. The crew, during the preparation of the aircraft for the flight, copies the data (from the flight instructions) displayed on the screen of the flight device in the FMS system, via a human / machine interface of the aircraft. .
    Such loading of data presents an important workload for the crew, thus generating a waste of time in the preparation of the flight.
    The present invention aims to overcome this disadvantage. It relates to the transmission of flight instructions from a ground unit to an aircraft comprising an onboard system. The ground unit for transmitting flight instructions to the aircraft comprises a central unit configured to generate at least one flight instruction, and means for generating an optical symbol, connected to the central unit, configured to generate each flight instruction as an optical symbol. The aircraft comprises an onboard system able to read flight instructions generated by the ground unit, said onboard system includes a flight management system configured to automate functions of the avionics of the aircraft upon receipt of the aircraft. a flight instruction, the onboard system comprising an optical reader and a flight management system, the optical reader being configured to retrieve a flight instruction contained in an optical symbol and transfer said instruction to the flight management system to prepare the flight of the aircraft. The invention makes it possible to quickly and securely transfer flight instructions from the ground unit to the aircraft's onboard system. This reduces the workload of the crew, thus enabling the crew to save time during the preparation of the aircraft, while being more efficient (in particular avoiding input errors, other advantages and characteristics The invention will become apparent from the following nonlimiting detailed description: This description will be made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
    FIG. 1 is the block diagram, according to one embodiment of the invention, of a ground unit and an aircraft comprising an onboard system, the ground unit generating flight instructions for said onboard system;
    Figure 2 is the block diagram of the ground unit of Figure 1;
    Figure 3 is the block diagram of the onboard system of Figure 1; and
    FIG. 4 illustrates the different steps of a method of transmitting flight instructions between the ground unit and the system embedded in an aircraft according to one embodiment of the invention.
    With reference to FIG. 1, the invention relates to the transmission of flight instructions between a ground unit 10 and an aircraft A comprising an onboard system 20. The ground unit 10, for example based on an airport, and the Aircraft A belong to the same entity. An entity is defined in the rest of the description as being, for example, an airline or an air operations center, which comprises several aircraft, each being equipped with an onboard system 20, and several ground units 10. Securing the exchange of data between the members of this entity is performed by encryption protocols known only to the entity as will be described later in the description. The ground unit 10 is configured to generate, from flight data D received from the entity and to the aircraft A, at least one optical symbol 30 containing a flight instruction. The system embedded in the aircraft A is configured to read optical symbols in order to extract the flight instructions and thus prepare the flight of the aircraft A. The flight data D transmitted by the entity to the unit on the ground 10, for example in the form of a bit stream, are of different types, for example, of flight plan data type, aircraft performance data, takeoff data, or wind / weather data. Each flight instruction generated by the ground unit 10 refers to only one type of data so that the preparation of the flight of an aircraft A requires the generation of several optical symbols.
    With reference to FIG. 2, the ground unit 10 comprises a central unit 11 connected to a receiver 12 for receiving flight data D, to optical symbol generation means 13, and to a database 14 whose data includes a list of public keys and aircraft A (registered in the database via their identifier) belonging to the entity, each key being associated with a single aircraft.
    The receiver 12 is for example an Internet termination equipment when the central unit 11 receives flight data D from the entity via the Internet. The central unit 11 transforms, via for example the execution of appropriate software, the flight data D into flight instructions containing said data retranscribed in the form of character strings readable by the onboard device 20, for example, written according to a format defined by the ARINC702 protocol.
    Each flight instruction, generated by the ground unit 10, comprises a header which is a function of the type of flight data D contained in said instruction, i.e., the type of flight data sent by the aircraft. entity with, for example, according to the aforementioned protocol, a header (called FPN) for flight plan data, a header (called PER) for aircraft performance data, a header (called LDI) for takeoff data, and a PWI (PWI) header for wind / weather data. The central processing unit 11 implements a signature algorithm, an encoding algorithm, and a printing algorithm to encrypt (sign and code) a flight instruction as well as to print the encrypted flight instruction in the form of an optical symbol 30, for example a barcode of the QR code type (or Datamatrix code). The execution of the signature algorithm consists in applying a condensate function (called "hashing", for example a function of the MDS or SHA-1 type) to the flight instruction to calculate the condensate (or "digest"). ) of said flight instruction and then to code, via an asymmetric encryption algorithm (RSA type) the condensate thus calculated by encoding it with a private key of the ground unit 10. The encoded condensate forms a signature of the flight instruction. The execution of the coding algorithm consists in encoding the flight instruction and its signature with the public key, derived from the database 14, from the aircraft A to which the entity wishes to provide flight data D. The execution of the translation algorithm generates instructions for the optical symbol generation means 13 to generate an optical symbol 30 containing the coded flight instruction and its signature and intended to be provided to the crew of the aircraft. aircraft A to which the entity wishes to provide data. The optical symbol generation means 13 generates the optical symbol 30 in the form of a paper documentation (the generation means are then a printer), or in a digital format downloaded in an electronic flight device of the EFB type, or any other laptop or tablet (the means of generation are then a software interface).
    The system embedded in the aircraft A is configured to read an optical symbol 30 from the ground unit 10, extract the encrypted flight instruction contained in the optical symbol, decrypt it (decode and authenticate) with a key public unit of the ground unit 10 and with a private key of the aircraft A, and prepare the flight of the aircraft with the data contained in the flight instruction. For this purpose, and with reference to FIG. 3, the on-board system comprises an optical reader 21 for reading optical symbols 30, said reader being connected to a flight management system 23 of the FMS type through a security unit. 22 configured to allow or not the transfer of data from the optical drive 21 to the flight management system 23. The connections between the various elements of the embedded system 20 are for example compliant with the ARINC 429 standard.
    The flight management system 23 is configured for, from a flight instruction respecting the ARINC 702 protocol and including flight data D, to automate, according to the type of flight data (header) of the instruction flight, avionics functions of the aircraft. Thus, for example, on receiving a flight instruction having an FPN header, for example, the flight management system 23 automates the navigation function of the aircraft by programming the flight plan that the autopilot follow. The flight management system comprises a screen 231 arranged in the cockpit of the aircraft A and a control interface 232 (conventional human machine interface) so that the crew can, via the control interface 232, validate the flight data displayed on the screen from the downloading of a flight instruction in the onboard system 20.
    The optical reader 21 comprises a microcontroller 210 connected to a camera 211, for example a digital camera. The microcontroller 210 implements an optical symbol recognition algorithm 30 captured by the camera 211 in order to decode, with a private key of the aircraft A, the flight instruction contained in an optical symbol 30 captured by the camera 211. The optical reader 21 is thus configured to detect, via the camera 211, a QR code, and transmit the coded flight instruction and its signature included in the QR code to the security unit 22 only if the flight instruction and its coded signature are decodable with the private key of the aircraft. The security unit 22 comprises a control unit 220 (CPU type), and connected to said unit, a database 221, and satellite positioning means 222, for example GPS or GLONASS type. The satellite positioning means are preferably those of the aircraft.
    The data of the database 221 includes a list of public keys and ground unit coordinates of the entity, each key being associated with a single ground unit, and satellite positioning means 222, for example GPS or GLONASS type. The satellite positioning means are preferably those of the aircraft. The control unit 220 implements various algorithms to authenticate (ie verify that the flight instruction is indeed from a ground unit 10 of the entity) the signature of a flight instruction transmitted by the reader For this purpose, a first algorithm, called condensate calculation, consists of applying a condensate function (the same as that applied by the ground unit of the ground unit for the execution of the signature) to the flight instruction and to calculate a condensate (or "digest"), said first condensate, of said flight instruction.
    A second algorithm, called search, retrieves the coordinates of the position of the aircraft A supplied by the satellite positioning means 222 and compares these coordinates with the coordinates of the various ground units 10 entered in the database 221 to determine which ground unit 10 has coordinates closest to those of the coordinates of the position of the aircraft A and extracted, from the database 221, the public key of the ground unit 10 determined as being that having coordinates closest to the coordinates of the position of the aircraft A.
    A third decryption algorithm consists in using the public key of the ground unit 10 obtained by executing the search algorithm to decode the signature of the flight instruction received from the optical reader 21 using the same asymmetric encryption algorithm that applied by the CPU 11 of the ground unit for the execution of the signature algorithm. The result of this third algorithm is the obtaining of a condensate, said second condensate.
    A fourth algorithm, called comparison, consists in comparing the first and the second condensate in order to guarantee, if the two condensates are similar, the authenticity of the signature of the flight instruction transmitted by the optical reader 21. In the case where the signature of the flight instruction is guaranteed to be authentic, then the control unit transmits the flight instruction to the flight management system 23.
    In connection with FIG. 4, a method of transmitting flight instructions between a ground unit 10 and an aircraft A of the entity will now be described.
    In a flight preparation step E1, an operator of the entity generates different flight data D destined for an aircraft A of the entity, said destination aircraft.
    In a transmission step E2, the various flight data D are transmitted in the form of a data bit stream to the receiver 12 of the ground unit 10, each data bit stream having a header depending on the type of data. flight data D transmitted. The central unit 11 of the ground unit 10 generates a flight instruction for each bit stream, each flight instruction having, as described above, also a header depending on the type of flight data D transmitted.
    As previously described, and in a generation step E3, the ground unit 10 generates, via the optical symbol generation means 13, and for each flight instruction, an optical symbol 30 containing the encrypted flight instruction (c). 'ie flight instruction and its signature coded with the public code of the recipient A aircraft). For this purpose, the central unit 11 implements the signature, coding and translation algorithms as described above for the encryption of the flight instruction.
    In a delivery step E4, an operator delivers each optical symbol 30 (via paper documentation, or by downloading to an electronic device of the crew) to the crew of the recipient A aircraft.
    In a reading step E5, the crew of the aircraft A passes each symbol in front of the camera 211 of the optical reader 21 of the onboard system 20 in order to recover the flight instruction and the signature of the coded flight instruction included in the symbol 30. In this step, the embedded system 20 decrypts (decoding and authentication) the flight instruction contained in the optical symbol. For this purpose: in a first sub-step, called the decoding step E5 ', the microcontroller 211 of the optical reader 21 decodes, with a key private to the destination aircraft A, the flight instruction and the signature of said flight instruction coded contained in each symbol and transfers the flight instruction and the (decoded) signature to the security unit 22 of the onboard system if said private key decodes the coded flight instruction and signature contained in said symbol. in a second substep, called authentication step E5 ", the control unit 220 of the security unit 22 authenticates, for each flight instruction and signature of said flight instruction received from the optical reader 21, the signature of the flight instruction and transfers the flight instruction to the flight management system 23 of the onboard system if the signature is authenticated.For this purpose, the control unit 220 implements the calculation algorithms of condensate, search, decrypt and compare as described above.
    Thus, in the case where the embedded system can not decrypt (that is to say decode (step E5 ') and authenticate (step E5')) a flight instruction from the reading of an optical symbol 30, l flight instruction is not transmitted to the flight management system 23. In this way, it is ensured that the flight instruction is addressed only to the destination aircraft A and that it has been generated by the unit authorized ground.
    On the other hand, if a flight instruction from the reading of an optical symbol 30 is decrypted (decoded flight instruction and its authenticated signature), then the flight instruction is downloaded into the flight management system 23 which, in function of the flight instruction header, automates the proper navigation functions of aircraft A.
    In a validation step E6, the flight data from a flight instruction downloaded into the flight management system 23 are displayed on the cockpit screen so that the crew can, via the interface of control, validate them.
    The method of transmitting flight instructions according to the invention makes it possible to initialize the flight management system 23 quickly and securely. Indeed, once in the aircraft, instead of manually typing the flight data D via an interface of the flight management system 23, the crew passes the optical symbols 30 provided by the ground unit 10 in front of the reader optical 211 to transfer all information necessary for the preparation of the flight to the flight management system 23.
    Thus, the invention makes it possible to quickly and securely transfer flight data D from the ground to the flight management system 23 of the aircraft. This reduces the workload of the crew, thus enabling the crew to save time during the preparation of the aircraft, while being more efficient (in particular avoiding input errors, ....).
    In a variant of the invention not illustrated in the figures, the optical reader 21 comprises a switch associated with a clock. The actuation of the switch has the effect of activating said reader for a predetermined time determined by the clock, of the order of ten seconds. The advantage of this variant is to avoid any unwanted reading of an optical symbol 30.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1) Unit for ground (10) for transmitting flight instructions to an aircraft (A) comprising an onboard system (20), characterized in that the ground unit (10) comprises a central unit ( 11) configured to generate at least one flight instruction, and means for generating an optical symbol (13), connected to the central unit, and configured to generate each flight instruction in the form of an optical symbol ( 30).
    [0002]
    2) Ground unit (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground unit (10) is configured to encrypt, with a private key of the ground unit and with a public key of the aircraft ( A), the at least one flight instruction generated.
    [0003]
    3) Aircraft (A) comprising an on-board system (20) capable of reading flight instructions generated by a ground unit (10), said onboard system comprising a flight management system (23) configured to automate flight functions. avionics of the aircraft upon receipt of a flight instruction, characterized in that the onboard system comprises an optical reader (21) and a flight management system (23), the optical reader being configured to extract an instruction of flight contained in an optical symbol (30) and transfer said instruction to the flight management system (23) to prepare the flight of the aircraft (A).
    [0004]
    4) Aircraft (A) according to claim 3, characterized in that the onboard system is configured to decrypt, with a public key of the ground unit and with a private key of the aircraft (A), a flight instruction contained in an optical symbol (30)
    [0005]
    5) Aircraft (A) according to claim 3, characterized in that the optical reader (21) comprises a switch associated with a clock.
    [0006]
    6) Aircraft (A) according to claim 4, characterized in that the optical reader (21) comprises a microcontroller (210) connected to a camera (211), the microcontroller (210) implementing an optical symbol recognition algorithm (30) configured to decode, with a private key of the aircraft (A), the flight instruction contained in an optical symbol (30) captured by the camera (211).
    [0007]
    7) Aircraft (A) according to claim 4, characterized in that the onboard system (20) comprises a securing unit (22) connected between the optical reader (21) and the flight management system (23), said unit being configured to allow or not the transfer of a flight instruction from the optical reader (21) to the flight management system (23).
    [0008]
    8) ground unit (10) according to claim 1 or aircraft (A) according to claim 3, characterized in that the optical symbol (30) is a QR code.
    [0009]
    9) ground unit (10) according to claim 1 or aircraft (A) according to claim 3, characterized in that a flight instruction contains flight data (D) retranscribed in the form of strings readable by a device embedded system (20) of an aircraft (A), each flight instruction generated by the ground unit (10) comprises a header which is a function of the flight data type (D) of said instruction.
    [0010]
    10) A method for transmitting flight data from a ground unit (10) to an aircraft (A) comprising an onboard system (20), said method comprising the following steps: a transmission step (E2) in which different flight data (D) is transmitted to a receiver (12) of the ground unit (10), said unit generating at least one flight instruction from said flight data, the flight instruction containing flight data ( D) retranscribed in the form of strings readable by a flight management system (23) of the aircraft (A); a generation step (E3) in which the ground unit (10) generates, via optical symbol generating means (13), and for each flight instruction, an optical symbol (30); a reading step (E5) in which the crew of the destination aircraft (A) passes each optical symbol (30) generated by the ground unit (10) in front of a camera (211) of an optical reader ( 21) of the onboard system (20) to recover the flight instruction contained in said symbol (30), said retrieved instruction being downloaded to a flight management system (23) of the aircraft (A); a validation step (E6) in which the flight data from the downloading of a flight instruction in the flight management system (23) are displayed on a screen (231) of the cockpit for validation by the crew, via a control interface (232).
    [0011]
    11) A transmission method according to claim 10, characterized in that the generation step (E3) comprises encryption, with a private key of the ground unit (10) and with a public key of the aircraft (A ), of each flight instruction generated.
    [0012]
    12) Transmission method according to claim 10, characterized in that the reading step (E5) comprises decryption, with a public key of the ground unit (10) and with a private key of the aircraft (A ), of each flight instruction.
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    CN107452198A|2017-12-08|
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    法律状态:
    2017-04-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-10-13| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20171013 |
    2018-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-04-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-04-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1653129|2016-04-08|
    FR1653129A|FR3050049B1|2016-04-08|2016-04-08|FLOATING UNIT, AIRCRAFT, AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING FLIGHT INSTRUCTIONS FROM A GROUND UNIT TO AN AIRCRAFT|FR1653129A| FR3050049B1|2016-04-08|2016-04-08|FLOATING UNIT, AIRCRAFT, AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING FLIGHT INSTRUCTIONS FROM A GROUND UNIT TO AN AIRCRAFT|
    US15/471,974| US10243931B2|2016-04-08|2017-03-28|Ground unit, aircraft and method for transmitting flight instructions from a ground unit to an aircraft|
    CN201710221682.2A| CN107452198A|2016-04-08|2017-04-06|The transmission method of surface units, aircraft and flight directive|
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